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The two important properties of enzyme kinetics are how easily the enzyme can be saturated with a substrate, and the maximum rate it can achieve. Knowing these properties suggests what an enzyme might do in the cell and can show how the enzyme will respond to changes in these conditions.
A decade before Michaelis and Menten, Victor Henri found that enzyme reactions could be explained by assuming a binding interaction between the enzyme and the substrate. [11] His work was taken up by Michaelis and Menten, who investigated the kinetics of invertase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose. [12]
Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzyme catalysis in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The study of how fast an enzyme can transform a substrate into a product is called enzyme kinetics. The rate of reaction of many chemical reactions shows a linear response as function of the concentration of substrate molecules.
Another way to understand the properties of a linear pathway is to take a more analytical approach. Analytical solutions can be derived for the steady-state if simple mass-action kinetics are assumed. [2] [3] [4] Analytical solutions for the steady-state when assuming Michaelis-Menten kinetics can be obtained [5] [6] but are quite often avoided ...
For Michaelis–Menten–Monod (MMM) kinetics it is intended the coupling of an enzyme-driven chemical reaction of the Michaelis–Menten type [1] with the Monod growth of an organisms that performs the chemical reaction. [2] The enzyme-driven reaction can be conceptualized as the binding of an enzyme E with the substrate S to form an ...
A comparison of specificity constants can also be used as a measure of the preference of an enzyme for different substrates (i.e., substrate specificity). The higher the specificity constant, the more the enzyme "prefers" that substrate. [1] The following equation, known as the Michaelis–Menten model, is used to describe the kinetics of enzymes:
Enzyme activity as given in katal generally refers to that of the assumed natural target substrate of the enzyme. Enzyme activity can also be given as that of certain standardized substrates, such as gelatin, then measured in gelatin digesting units (GDU), or milk proteins, then measured in milk clotting units (MCU). The units GDU and MCU are ...
Chemical kinetics, the study of chemical reaction rates Enzyme kinetics, the study of biochemical reaction rates catalysed by an enzyme Michaelis–Menten kinetics, the widely accepted general model of enzyme kinetics; Goldbeter–Koshland kinetics, describe a steady-state solution for a 2-state biological system; Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics