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Though the Iron Guard had been in the Romanian Government since 28 June 1940, on 14 September it achieved dominance, leading to the proclamation of the National Legionary State. On 27 September 1940, Romania withdrew from the Balkan Pact. On 8 October, Nazi German troops began crossing into Romania, and soon numbered over 500,000.
He appointed loyal military men in their place. The military also took control of strategic installations, such as telephone exchanges, police stations and hospitals. The district officers of the Legionnaires were called to the capital for an important economic consultation, but found themselves arrested in the middle of the meeting. [4] [5]
When Marshal Ion Antonescu came to power in September 1940, he brought the Iron Guard into the government, creating the National Legionary State. In January 1941, following the Legionnaires' rebellion , Antonescu used the army to suppress the movement, destroying the organization; its commander, Horia Sima , along with other leaders, escaped to ...
Death was a central part of the Iron Guard's ideology. Its members, known as "Legionnaires", were officially asked "to embrace death" if needed; in practice, they were supposed to be ready to both give and embrace death—in other words, to be willing to assassinate their political enemies at the risk of their own lives.
The Kingdom of Romania was under Fascist rule from 1937 to 1944, under several successive governments. These were the National Christian Party between December 1937 and February 1938; the sole legal party from 1938 to 1940, the National Renaissance Front; the Iron Guard between September 1940 and January 1941; and the dictatorship of Ion Antonescu from 1940 to 1944.
This alerted the military authorities, who decided to replace the squads with regular military guards and move the prisoners themselves. [2] Zăvoianu was informed of this decision on November 26, and that night the squads shot dead every one of their charges: [ 4 ] politicians, senior military officers, and policemen accused of complicity in ...
Under the National Legionary State, created soon after Carol's fall in 1940 as a partnership between General Ion Antonescu (who took the title of Conducător) and the Iron Guard's Horia Sima, Dumitru Groza's CML was instated as an official institution, officially replacing all trade unions. [8]
The country was declared a National Legionary State. Between October 1940 and June 1941, around 550,000 German troops entered Romania. In November, Antonescu signed the Tripartite Pact, which tied Romania militarily to Germany, Italy and Japan.