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An antiemetic is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea. Antiemetics are typically used to treat motion sickness and the side effects of opioid analgesics, general anaesthetics, and chemotherapy directed against cancer. They may be used for severe cases of gastroenteritis, especially if the patient is dehydrated. [1] [2]
Aprepitant is classified as an NK 1 antagonist because it blocks signals given off by NK 1 receptors.This, therefore, decreases the likelihood of vomiting in patients. NK 1 is a G protein-coupled receptor located in the central and peripheral nervous system.
Fosaprepitant, sold under the brand names Emend (US) and Ivemend (EU) among others, is an antiemetic medication, [6] administered intravenously. It is a prodrug of aprepitant. Fosaprepitant was developed by Merck & Co. and was approved for medical use in the United States, [7] and in the European Union in January 2008. [5]
Cyclizine was quickly clinically found as a potent and long-acting antiemetic. The company named the substance – or more precisely cyclizine's hydrochloride form which it usually appears in – "marezine hydrochloride" and started to sell it in the United States under trade name Marezine. Selling was begun in France under trade name Marzine ...
"The Use of Medicines in the United States". IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics. The Use of Medicines in the United States. June 2012. p. 40. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2012. Mike McEvoy (June 12, 2008). "Hydrocodone/APAP: Drug Whys". EMS1. Archived from the original on 2012-07-10.
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It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1951. [4] It is a generic medication and is available under many brand names globally. [ 1 ] In 2022, it was the 198th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions.
Granisetron is a serotonin 5-HT 3 receptor antagonist used as an antiemetic to treat nausea and vomiting following chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Its main effect is to reduce the activity of the vagus nerve , which is a nerve that activates the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata .