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IRES sequences were first discovered in 1988 in the poliovirus (PV) and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) RNA genomes in the laboratories of Nahum Sonenberg [1] and Eckard Wimmer, [2] respectively. They are described as distinct regions of RNA molecules that are able to recruit the eukaryotic ribosome to the mRNA. This process is also known as ...
HAV IRES, entero-/rhinovirus and cardio-/apthovirus IRES are all approximately 450 nt but differ greatly in their structures. A cardiovirus, EMCV, and an apthovirus, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) share about 50% identical IRES elements. HCV-like picornavirus IRES incorporates the most difference in IRES elements from the other three classes.
eIF4G is an important scaffold for the eIF4F complex and aids in recruiting the 40S ribosomal subunit to mRNA.. There are three mechanisms that the 40S ribosome can come to recognize the start codon: scanning, internal entry, and shunting.
This category groups pages related to Internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) of RNA.IRESs are a nucleotide sequence that directs translation initiation in the middle of a messenger RNA (mRNA) as opposed to the usual process where initiation occurs at the five-prime end.
Early studies indicated that AREs can vary in sequence and fall into three main classes that differ in the number and arrangement of motifs. [1] Another set of elements that is present in both the 5' and 3′-UTR are iron response elements (IREs). The IRE is a stem-loop structure within the untranslated regions of mRNAs that encode proteins ...
In molecular biology, the Nrf2 internal ribosome entry site (IRES) is an RNA element present in the 5′ UTR of the mRNA encoding the transcription factor Nrf2. It contains a stem-loop structure upstream of a ribosome binding site .
The BiP internal ribosome entry site (IRES) is an RNA element present in the 5' UTR of the mRNA of BiP protein and allows cap-independent translation. BiP protein expression has been found to be significantly enhanced by the heat shock response due to internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent translation.
The FGF-1 internal ribosome entry site (IRES) is an RNA element present in the 5' UTR of the mRNA of fibroblast growth factor 1 and allows cap-independent translation. It is thought that FGF-1 internal ribosome entry site (IRES) activity is strictly controlled and highly tissue specific.