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Endolith lifeform found inside an Antarctic rock. An endolith or endolithic is an organism (archaeon, bacterium, fungus, lichen, algae, sponge, or amoeba) that is able to acquire the necessary resources for growth in the inner part of a rock, [1] mineral, coral, animal shells, or in the pores between mineral grains of a rock.
Peraluminous rocks are igneous rocks that have a molecular proportion of aluminium oxide higher than the combination of sodium oxide, potassium oxide and calcium oxide. [1] This contrasts with peralkaline in which the alkalis are higher, metaluminous where aluminium oxide concentration is lower than the combination, but above the alkalis, and ...
Crude oil, a transformed biogenic substance Natural gum, a secretion from Hevea brasiliensis. A biogenic substance is a product made by or of life forms. While the term originally was specific to metabolite compounds that had toxic effects on other organisms, [1] it has developed to encompass any constituents, secretions, and metabolites of plants or animals. [2]
Eclogite (/ ˈ ɛ k l ə dʒ aɪ t /) is a metamorphic rock containing garnet (almandine-pyrope) hosted in a matrix of sodium-rich pyroxene . Accessory minerals include kyanite, rutile, quartz, lawsonite, coesite, amphibole, phengite, paragonite, zoisite, dolomite, corundum and, rarely, diamond. The chemistry of primary and accessory minerals ...
Except these last, practically all rocks contain felspars or feldspathoid minerals. In the acid rocks, the common feldspars are orthoclase, perthite, microcline, and oligoclase—all having much silica and alkalis. In the mafic rocks labradorite, anorthite, and bytownite prevail, being rich in lime and poor in silica, potash, and soda.
Igneous rock, with gray groundmass and white phenocrysts marked. Orthoclase phenocrysts within a finer-grained matrix of a granite porphyry. The matrix or groundmass of a rock is the finer-grained mass of material in which larger grains, crystals, or clasts are embedded.
The water from such substrates will exit the ignimbrite blanket in fumaroles, geysers and the like, a process which may take several years, for example after the Novarupta tuff eruption. In the process of boiling off this water, the ignimbrite layer may become metasomatised (altered). This tends to form chimneys and pockets of kaolin-altered rock.
Monzogranite is associated with the Pilbara craton, a terrane that collided with Western Australia approximately 3.315 Ga, forming a greenstone belt.These monzogranites are typically highly fractionated, rich in potassium, poor in aluminum, and have trace element compositions consistent with remelting of an older tonalitic–trondhjemitic–granodioritic crust.