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Alpha-1 blockers (also called alpha-adrenergic blocking agents or alpha-1 antagonists) constitute a variety of drugs that block the effect of catecholamines on alpha-1-adrenergic receptors. They are mainly used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), hypertension and post-traumatic stress disorder . [ 1 ]
The primary application for phentolamine is for the control of hypertensive emergencies, most notably due to pheochromocytoma. [5]It also has usefulness in the treatment of cocaine-induced cardiovascular complications, where one would generally avoid β-blockers (e.g. metoprolol), as they can cause unopposed α-adrenergic mediated coronary vasoconstriction, worsening myocardial ischemia and ...
It has a slower onset and a longer-lasting effect compared with other alpha blockers. It was also the first alpha blocker to be used for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, [2] although it is currently seldom used for that indication due to unfavourable side effects. It has been used in the treatment of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. [3]
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Adrenergic antagonists reverse the natural cardiovascular effect, based on the type of adrenoreceptor being blocked. For example, if the natural activation of the α 1 -adrenergic receptor leads to vasoconstriction , an α 1 -adrenergic antagonist will result in vasodilation .
Saw palmetto extract has been studied in clinical trials as a possible treatment for people with prostate cancer and for men with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with BPH. [1] [3] As of 2023, there is insufficient scientific evidence that saw palmetto extract is effective for treating cancer or BPH and its symptoms.
While there are limited clinical α-blocker uses, in which most α-blockers are used for hypertension or benign prostatic hyperplasia, α-blockers can be used to treat a few other diseases, such as Raynaud's disease, congestive heart failure (CHF), pheochromocytoma, and erectile dysfunction. [15] [16] [17]
JNC8 does not recommend β-blockers as initial therapy for hypertension. [66] Heart failure may be worsened with nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, the alpha blocker doxazosin, and the alpha-2 agonists moxonidine and clonidine. On the other hand, β-blockers, diuretics, ACEis, ARBs, and aldosterone receptor antagonists have been shown ...
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