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The AWS defines welding PQR as a record of welding variables used to produce an acceptable test weldment and the results of tests conducted on the weldment to qualify a Welding Procedure Specification. For steel construction (civil engineering structures) AWS D1.1 is a widely used standard.
The symbolic representation of a V weld of chamfered plates in a technical drawing. The symbols and conventions used in welding documentation are specified in national and international standards such as ISO 2553 Welded, brazed and soldered joints -- Symbolic representation on drawings and ISO 4063 Welding and allied processes -- Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers.
In addition to welders and welding machine operators, there are also schemes to independently certify welding inspectors and related specialities. The duties of the welding inspector are described in ISO 14731; [12] however the requirement for inspector certification are not standardized, so there are differences in requirement between the various schemes.
This is a list of welding processes, separated into their respective categories. The associated N reference numbers (second column) are specified in ISO 4063 (in the European Union published as EN ISO 4063 ). [ 1 ]
Welding - Studs and ceramic ferrules for arc stud welding: ISO 13919-1: Welding - Electron and laser-beam welded joints - Guidance on quality level for imperfections - Part 1: Steel ISO 13919-2: Welding - Electron and laser-beam welded joints - Guidance on quality level for imperfections - Part 2: Aluminium and its weldable alloys ISO 13920
Methods of weld testing and analysis are used to assure the quality and correctness of the weld after it is completed. This term generally refers to testing and analysis focused on the quality and strength of the weld but may refer to technological actions to check for the presence, position, and extent of welds.
Sheet metal joints might be made on a seam welding machine where weld purging is carried out automatically as part of the machine design. Where sheet metal is formed into tanks or vessels prior to welding, the inside of the vessel can be purged with a flow of inert gas, however for larger sizes the cost of the gas and the time taken is unrealistic.
CCHT – core chart log; CCL – casing collar locator (in perforation or completion operations, the tool provides depths by correlation of the casing string's magnetic anomaly with known casing features) CCLBD – construction / commissioning logic block diagram; CCLP – casing collar locator perforation