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The condition of a dog's skin and coat is also an important indicator of its general health. Skin disorders of dogs vary from acute, self-limiting problems to chronic or long-lasting problems requiring life-time treatment. Skin disorders may be primary or secondary (due to scratching, itch) in nature, making diagnosis complicated.
Pemphigus foliaceus is the most common autoimmune skin disease in dogs, making up around one-third of all canine autoimmune disorders. [16] This disease usually affects areas of the ears and face. [9] Early symptoms are characterized by depigmentation of the nasal palate, dorsal cleft in the mouth, the ear, and the periocular area around the ...
The disease in dogs can affect the lungs and skin, but more commonly the eye and central nervous system. [20] Ringworm is a fungal skin disease that in dogs is caused by Microsporum canis (70%), Microsporum gypseum (20%), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (10%). Typical signs in dogs include hair loss and scaly skin. [21]
Pyotraumatic dermatitis is caused by self-inflicted trauma to the skin, which is incited by pain or irritation, such as infestation with fleas or lice, [4] irritation from clippers, [3] allergic skin diseases, [4] diseases of the anal sacs, [4] inflammation of the ear canal, [4] foreign bodies or irritants within the coat, [4] or pain in muscles or joints. [4]
The trigeminal nerve.. ATN is usually attributed to inflammation or demyelination, with increased sensitivity of the trigeminal nerve.These effects are believed to be caused by infection, demyelinating diseases, or compression of the trigeminal nerve (by an impinging vein or artery, a tumor, dental trauma, accidents, or arteriovenous malformation) and are often confused with dental problems.
Pyometra is a result of hormonal and structural changes in the uterus lining. This can happen at any age, regardless of how many heat cycles have occurred or previous pregnancies (or lack thereof), although it becomes more common as the dog gets older. The main risk period for a female is for eight weeks after her peak standing heat has ended. [2]
Local anesthetic injections are given in specific areas of the mouth, rather than the whole body. Although several different medications are available, the most commonly used local anesthetic to prevent pain in the area around a tooth is lidocaine (also called xylocaine or lignocaine). Lidocaine's half-life in the body is about 1.5–2 hours. [2]
Symptoms include sudden permanent blindness, but may occur more slowly over several days, weeks or months, [3] dilated pupils. Pupillary light reflexes are usually reduced but present; the slow phase mediated by melanopsin in retinal ganglion cells is retained.