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Disability-adjusted life year for childhood-cluster diseases per 100,000 inhabitants. These include pertussis , poliomyelitis , diphtheria , measles , and tetanus . no data
Human infectious diseases may be characterized by their case fatality rate (CFR), the proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it (cf. mortality rate).It should not be confused with the infection fatality rate (IFR), the estimated proportion of people infected by a disease-causing agent, including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections, who die from the disease.
Injuries and violence are "the leading causes of death among children, adolescents, and young adults in the US" with underlying risk factors for such including "detrimental community, family, or individual circumstances" that increase the likelihood of violence.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to concepts related to infectious diseases in humans.. Infection – transmission, entry/invasion after evading/overcoming defense, establishment, and replication of disease-causing microscopic organisms (pathogens) inside a host organism, and the reaction of host tissues to them and to the toxins they produce.
In children under five years and adults over 40 years, the fatality rate may be as much as 20%. [28] In 2013, it resulted in 3,300 deaths, down from 8,000 deaths in 1990. [ 7 ] Better standards of living, mass immunization, improved diagnosis, prompt treatment, and more effective health care have led to a decrease in cases worldwide.
Pathogenic bacteria are also the cause of high infant mortality rates in developing countries. [5] A GBD study estimated the global death rates from (33) bacterial pathogens, finding such infections contributed to one in 8 deaths (or ~7.7 million deaths), which could make it the second largest cause of death globally in 2019. [6] [3]
multiple bacteria Bacterial meningitis: Lumbar puncture (contraindicated if there is a mass in the brain or the intracranial pressure is elevated), CT or MRI Antibiotics No multiple bacteria Bacterial pneumonia: Sputum Gram stain and culture, Chest radiography Antibiotics No List of bacterial vaginosis microbiota: Bacterial vaginosis
In the early 20th century, scarlet fever was a leading cause of death in children, but even before World War II and the introduction of antibiotics, its severity was already declining. This decline is suggested to be due to better living conditions, the introduction of better control measures, or a decline in the virulence of the bacteria.