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In contrast, the complementary set that contains everything which is not a square in the plane is itself not a square in the plane, and so it is one of its own members and is therefore abnormal. Now we consider the set of all normal sets, R, and try to determine whether R is normal or abnormal.
The bag-of-words model (BoW) is a model of text which uses an unordered collection (a "bag") of words. It is used in natural language processing and information retrieval (IR). It disregards word order (and thus most of syntax or grammar) but captures multiplicity .
The (standard) Boolean model of information retrieval (BIR) [1] is a classical information retrieval (IR) model and, at the same time, the first and most-adopted one. [2] The BIR is based on Boolean logic and classical set theory in that both the documents to be searched and the user's query are conceived as sets of terms (a bag-of-words model).
In computer vision, the bag-of-words model (BoW model) sometimes called bag-of-visual-words model [1] [2] can be applied to image classification or retrieval, by treating image features as words. In document classification , a bag of words is a sparse vector of occurrence counts of words; that is, a sparse histogram over the vocabulary.
Animation of the topic detection process in a document-word matrix. Every column corresponds to a document, every row to a word. A cell stores the weighting of a word in a document (e.g. by tf-idf), dark cells indicate high weights. LSA groups both documents that contain similar words, as well as words that occur in a similar set of documents.
The set cover function attempts to find a subset of objects which cover a given set of concepts. For example, in document summarization, one would like the summary to cover all important and relevant concepts in the document. This is an instance of set cover. Similarly, the facility location problem is a special case of submodular functions ...
A lexical set is a group of words that share a particular vowel or consonant sound. A phoneme is a basic unit of sound in a language that can distinguish one word from another. Most commonly, following the work of phonetician John C. Wells, a lexical set is a class of words in a language that share a certain vowel phoneme.
The category of sets can also be considered to be a universal object that is, again, not itself a set. It has all sets as elements, and also includes arrows for all functions from one set to another. Again, it does not contain itself, because it is not itself a set.