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A forearc basin between the accretionary wedge and the volcanic arc can accumulate thick deposits of sediment, sometimes referred to as an outer arc trough. Due to collisional stresses as one tectonic plate subducts under another, forearc regions are sources for powerful earthquakes.
A foreland basin is a structural basin that develops adjacent and parallel to a mountain belt. Foreland basins form because the immense mass created by crustal thickening associated with the evolution of a mountain belt causes the lithosphere to bend, by a process known as lithospheric flexure .
Forearc basin: Convergent: A sedimentary basin formed in association with a convergent plate tectonic boundary in the gap between an active volcanic arc and the associated trench, thus above the subducting oceanic plate.
The trough itself is a forearc basin, which is a depression that develops in front of an island arc system. [2] The subducting plate releases fluids and sediments, which accumulate in the forearc basin. These sediments can be uplifted and incorporated into the island arc, contributing to its growth.
A back-arc basin is a type of geologic basin, found at some convergent plate boundaries. Presently all back-arc basins are submarine features associated with island arcs and subduction zones, with many found in the western Pacific Ocean .
Tectonic subsidence is the sinking of the Earth's crust on a large scale, relative to crustal-scale features or the geoid. [1] The movement of crustal plates and accommodation spaces produced by faulting [2] brought about subsidence on a large scale in a variety of environments, including passive margins, aulacogens, fore-arc basins, foreland basins, intercontinental basins and pull-apart basins.
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The eastern boundary of the forearc basin was a volcanic arc, a chain of ancient volcanoes located where the Sierra Nevada is today. Batholiths and metamorphosed volcanic rocks in the Sierra Nevada are the geologic record of this volcanic arc.