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In a departure from both 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T and faster use all four cable pairs for simultaneous transmission in both directions through the use of telephone hybrid-like signal handling. For this reason, there are no dedicated transmit and receive pairs. 1000BASE-T and faster require either a straight or one of the crossover ...
Many different modes of operations (10BASE-T half-duplex, 10BASE-T full-duplex, 100BASE-TX half-duplex, etc.) exist for Ethernet over twisted pair, and most network adapters are capable of different modes of operation. Autonegotiation is required in order to make a working 1000BASE-T connection.
While 1BASE5 had little market penetration, it defined the physical apparatus (wire, plug/jack, pin-out, and wiring plan) that would be carried over to 10BASE-T through 10GBASE-T. The most common forms used are 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, and 1000BASE-T. All three use twisted-pair cables and 8P8C modular connectors.
To connect two ports of the same configuration (MDI to MDI, or MDI-X to MDI-X) with a 10 or 100 Mbit/s connection (10BASE-T or 100BASE-TX), an Ethernet crossover cable is needed to connect the pair that each interface transmits on to the receive conductors of the other interface.
The configuration of 100BASE-TX networks is very similar to 10BASE-T. When used to build a local area network, the devices on the network (computers, printers etc.) are typically connected to a hub or switch, creating a star network. Alternatively, it is possible to connect two devices directly using a crossover cable.
Energy-efficient Ethernet variant of 10BASE-T using a reduced amplitude signal over Category 5 cable, completely interoperable with 10BASE-T nodes. 10BASE-T1L: 802.3cg-2019 (146) IEC 63171-1, IEC 63171-6 1000 m Ethernet over a single twisted pair - long reach, for industrial applications 10BASE-T1S: 802.3cg-2019 (147) 25 m
The 10/100BASE-T crossover is described in clause 14.5.2 (section one) of IEEE 802.3-2005. The 1000BASE-T crossover is described in clause 40.8.2 (section three). By my reading of this, the 1000BASE-T crossover description that I deleted was, as Hyvatti pointed out, incorrect. Feel free to restore a corrected version. I'll be happy to proof it.
Autonegotiation can be used by devices that are capable of more than one transmission rate, different duplex modes (half duplex and full duplex), and different transmission standards at the same speed (though in practice only one standard at each speed is widely supported).