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Fishery can mean either the enterprise of raising or harvesting fish and other aquatic life [1] or, more commonly, the site where such enterprise takes place (a.k.a., fishing grounds). [2] Commercial fisheries include wild fisheries and fish farms , both in freshwater waterbodies (about 10% of all catch) and the oceans (about 90%).
The Fishmonger's Shop, Bartolomeo Passerotti, 1580s Fish on a trawler's deck. People interact with fish in multiple ways, whether practically, in folklore and religion, or in art. They have economic importance in the fishing industry and fish farming; these industries provide some people with an income, and the general population with fish as food.
The Great Fish Market, painted by Jan Brueghel the Elder. Fishing is a prehistoric practice dating back at least 70,000 years. Since the 16th century, fishing vessels have been able to cross oceans in pursuit of fish, and since the 19th century it has been possible to use larger vessels and in some cases process the fish on board.
Since then, the numbers have fallen back to around 2.3 million tons (2.5 million S/T) annually with considerable differences between years. Besides the fish caught, it is estimated that 150,000 metric tons (165,000 S/T) of unmarketable by-catch are caught and around 85,000 metric tons (94,000 S/T) of dead and injured invertebrates .
The text of Target 14.7 of Sustainable Development Goal 14 states: "By 2030, increase the economic benefits to small island developing states and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism". [1]
Managing fisheries is about managing people and businesses, and not about managing fish. Fisheries are managed by regulating the actions of people. [22] If fisheries management is to be successful, then associated human factors, such as the reactions of anglers and harvesters, are of key importance, and need to be understood. [23] [24]
Forage fish – Forage fish, also called prey fish or bait fish, are small pelagic fish which are preyed on by larger predators for food. Pelagic fish – Pelagic fish live near the surface or in the water column of coastal, ocean and lake waters, but not on the bottom of the sea or the lake. Cod fisheries – Cod fisheries are fisheries for cod.
The fishing industry includes any industry or activity that takes, cultures, processes, preserves, stores, transports, markets or sells fish or fish products. It is defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization as including recreational, subsistence and commercial fishing, as well as the related harvesting, processing, and marketing sectors. [1]