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The angle of a drop of the liquid on the solid as seen in Figure 1 degrees or radians 1-cos(θ SL) The y-axis of the Zisman Plot representing wetting unitless γ L: The surface tension of the respective liquid dyne / cm γ C: The critical surface tension of the liquid needed to effectively wet the solid substrate dyne / cm
In such a graph, every vertex or edge is a critical element, in the sense that its deletion would decrease the number of colors needed in a graph coloring of the given graph. Each time a single edge or vertex (along with its incident edges) is removed from a critical graph, the decrease in the number of colors needed to color that graph cannot ...
The polar angle is denoted by [,]: it is the angle between the z-axis and the radial vector connecting the origin to the point in question. The azimuthal angle is denoted by φ ∈ [ 0 , 2 π ] {\displaystyle \varphi \in [0,2\pi ]} : it is the angle between the x -axis and the projection of the radial vector onto the xy -plane.
The gradient of a function is obtained by raising the index of the differential , whose components are given by: =; =; =, = = The divergence of a vector field with components is
[1]: p. 23 From this, every straight line has a linear equation homogeneous in x, y, z. Every equation of the form + + = in real coefficients is a real straight line of finite points unless l : m : n is proportional to a : b : c, the side lengths, in which case we have the locus of points at infinity.
Since no triangle can have two obtuse angles, γ is an acute angle and the solution γ = arcsin D is unique. If b < c, the angle γ may be acute: γ = arcsin D or obtuse: γ ′ = 180° − γ. The figure on right shows the point C, the side b and the angle γ as the first solution, and the point C ′, side b ′ and the angle γ ′ as the ...
For a polyhedron, the defect at a vertex equals 2π minus the sum of all the angles at the vertex (all the faces at the vertex are included). If a polyhedron is convex, then the defect of each vertex is always positive. If the sum of the angles exceeds a full turn, as occurs in some vertices of many non-convex polyhedra, then the defect is ...
A factor-critical graph, together with perfect matchings of the subgraphs formed by removing one of its vertices.. In graph theory, a mathematical discipline, a factor-critical graph (or hypomatchable graph [1] [2]) is a graph with an odd number of vertices in which deleting one vertex in every possible way results in a graph with a perfect matching, a way of grouping the remaining vertices ...