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Windows-1251 is an 8-bit character encoding, designed to cover languages that use the Cyrillic script such as Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Serbian Cyrillic, Macedonian and other languages.
Cyrillic Extended-C: U+1C80–U+1C8F, 11 characters; Cyrillic Extended-D: U+1E030–U+1E08F, 63 characters; Phonetic Extensions: U+1D2B, U+1D78, 2 Cyrillic characters; Combining Half Marks: U+FE2E–U+FE2F, 2 Cyrillic characters; The characters in the range U+0400–U+045F are basically the characters from ISO 8859-5 moved upward by 864 positions.
Windows code pages are sets of characters or code pages (known as character encodings in other operating systems) used in Microsoft Windows from the 1980s and 1990s. Windows code pages were gradually superseded when Unicode was implemented in Windows, [citation needed] although they are still supported both within Windows and other platforms, and still apply when Alt code shortcuts are used.
Code page 866 (CCSID 866) [2] (CP 866, "DOS Cyrillic Russian") [3] is a code page used under DOS and OS/2 [4] in Russia to write Cyrillic script. [5] [6] It is based on the "alternative code page" (Russian: Альтернативная кодировка) developed in 1984 in IHNA AS USSR and published in 1986 by a research group at the Academy of Science of the USSR. [7]
Windows-1252 or CP-1252 (Windows code page 1252) is a legacy single-byte character encoding [2] that is used by default (as the "ANSI code page") in Microsoft Windows throughout the Americas, Western Europe, Oceania, and much of Africa.
The 8-bit encodings KOI8-R and KOI8-U, IBM-866, and also Windows-1251 are far more commonly used. In contrast to the relationship between Windows-1252 and ISO 8859-1, Windows-1251 is not closely related to ISO 8859-5. However, the main Cyrillic block in Unicode uses a layout based on ISO-8859-5.
Microsoft was one of the first companies to implement Unicode in their products. Windows NT was the first operating system that used "wide characters" in system calls.Using the (now obsolete) UCS-2 encoding scheme at first, it was upgraded to the variable-width encoding UTF-16 starting with Windows 2000, allowing a representation of additional planes with surrogate pairs.
Cyrillic is a Unicode block containing the characters used to write the most widely used languages with a Cyrillic orthography. The core of the block is based on the ISO 8859-5 standard, with additions for minority languages and historic orthographies.