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Atorvastatin, sold under the brand name Lipitor among others, is a statin medication used to prevent cardiovascular disease in those at high risk and to treat abnormal lipid levels. [6] For the prevention of cardiovascular disease, statins are a first-line treatment in reducing cholesterol. [6] It is taken by mouth. [6]
Ezetimibe/atorvastatin (trade names Liptruzet, Atozet) is a cholesterol lowering combination drug. In the United States, it was approved in May 2013, by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in patients with primary or mixed hyperlipidemia as adjunctive therapy to diet. [ 1 ]
Glycosylation also plays a role in cell-to-cell adhesion (a mechanism employed by cells of the immune system) via sugar-binding proteins called lectins, which recognize specific carbohydrate moieties. [2] Glycosylation is an important parameter in the optimization of many glycoprotein-based drugs such as monoclonal antibodies. [6]
The most important adverse side effects are muscle problems, an increased risk of diabetes mellitus, and increased liver enzymes in the blood due to liver damage. [ 5 ] [ 66 ] Over 5 years of treatment statins result in 75 cases of diabetes, 7.5 cases of bleeding stroke , and 5 cases of muscle damage per 10,000 people treated. [ 35 ]
Glycation (non-enzymatic glycosylation) is the covalent attachment of a sugar to a protein, lipid or nucleic acid molecule. [1] Typical sugars that participate in glycation are glucose , fructose , and their derivatives.
A congenital disorder of glycosylation (previously called carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome) is one of several rare inborn errors of metabolism in which glycosylation of a variety of tissue proteins and/or lipids is deficient or defective. Congenital disorders of glycosylation are sometimes known as CDG syndromes.
The different types of lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) precursor produced in different organisms.. N-linked glycosylation is the attachment of an oligosaccharide, a carbohydrate consisting of several sugar molecules, sometimes also referred to as glycan, to a nitrogen atom (the amide nitrogen of an asparagine (Asn) residue of a protein), in a process called N-glycosylation, studied in ...
O-linked glycosylation is the attachment of a sugar molecule to the oxygen atom of serine (Ser) or threonine (Thr) residues in a protein. O -glycosylation is a post-translational modification that occurs after the protein has been synthesised.