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Capsids are broadly classified according to their structure. The majority of the viruses have capsids with either helical or icosahedral [2] [3] structure. Some viruses, such as bacteriophages, have developed more complicated structures due to constraints of elasticity and electrostatics. [4]
The genetic material of a virus is stored within a viral protein structure called the capsid. The capsid is a "shield" that protects the viral nucleic acids from getting degraded by host enzymes or other types of pesticides or pestilences.
Satellite viruses encode their own protein capsids with the aid of helper viruses Satellite nucleic acids do not have capsids, but rely on helper viruses to enclose their genomes Package their genome within a capsid (protein shell) Have an envelope (not all viruses) Host range Plants (most common), mammals, arthropods, bacteria
Each face in turn is formed by a repetition of simpler sub-units, with the amount of repetitions called a triangulation number (T). Similar capsid structures can be used by many different types of viruses. [3] In many viruses, the virions have icosahedral symmetry, which can be ideally isometric or elongated. Many virions also have other shapes:
Some viruses that infect Archaea have complex structures unrelated to any other form of virus, with a wide variety of unusual shapes, ranging from spindle-shaped structures to viruses that resemble hooked rods, teardrops or even bottles. Other archaeal viruses resemble the tailed bacteriophages, and can have multiple tail structures.
The capsomere is a subunit of the capsid, an outer covering of protein that protects the genetic material of a virus. Capsomeres self-assemble to form the capsid. [1] In this diagram of an Adenovirus, the capsid molecules are clearly visible. Subunits called protomers aggregate to form capsomeres. Various arrangements of capsomeres are: 1 ...
Virus classification is the process of naming viruses and placing them into a taxonomic system similar to the classification systems used for cellular organisms. Viruses are classified by phenotypic characteristics, such as morphology, nucleic acid type, mode of replication, host organisms, and the type of disease they cause.
Many viruses with single jelly roll capsids are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. Two groups of double-stranded DNA viruses with single-JRC capsids are the Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae , both of which have fairly small capsids; in these viruses, the architecture of the assembled capsid orients the axis of the jelly roll ...