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Phases 1 and 2 were defined before 3G networks existed, and as such support adding IN services to a GSM network, although they are equally applicable to 2.5G and 3G networks. Phase 3 was defined for 3GPP Releases 99 and 4, and hence is a GSM and UMTS common specification, while Phase 4 was defined as part of 3GPP Release 5.
One of the key features of GSM is the Subscriber Identity Module, commonly known as a SIM card. The SIM is a detachable smart card [ 3 ] containing a user's subscription information and phone book. This allows users to retain their information after switching handsets.
The history of the GSM module dates back to the 1980s when the GSM network was first introduced. The first GSM module was designed to work with analogue phones, and it was not until the late 1990s that digital GSM modules were introduced. Today, the GSM module is an essential component used in various communication systems.
Key pad of a Nokia 3720. Besides the number keypad and buttons for accepting and declining calls (typically from left to right and coloured green and red respectively), button mobile phones commonly feature two option keys, one to the left and one to the right, and a four-directional D-pad which may feature a center button which acts in resemblance to an "Enter" and "OK" button.
GSM services are a standard collection of applications and features available over the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) to mobile phone subscribers all over the world. The GSM standards are defined by the 3GPP collaboration and implemented in hardware and software by equipment manufacturers and mobile phone operators .
MAP for GSM (prior to Release 4) is specified by 3GPP TS 09.02 (MAP v1, MAP v2) MAP for UMTS ("3G") and GSM (Release 99 and later) is specified by 3GPP TS 29.002 (MAP v3) In cellular networks based on ANSI standards (currently CDMA2000 , in the past AMPS , IS-136 and cdmaOne ) plays the role of the MAP a similar protocol usually called IS-41 or ...
The packet control unit (PCU) is a late addition to the GSM standard. It performs some of the processing tasks of the BSC, but for packet data. The allocation of channels between voice and data is controlled by the base station, but once a channel is allocated to the PCU, the PCU takes full control over that channel.
The Short Message protocol itself is defined by 3GPP TS 23.040 for the Short Message Service - Point to Point (SMS-PP), [2] and 3GPP TS 23.041 for the Cell Broadcast Service (CBS).