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One of the beams may be replaced by a static target, in which case the approach is termed accelerator based fusion or beam-target fusion, but the physics is the same as colliding beams. [ 1 ] CBFRs face several problems that have limited their ability to be seriously considered as candidates for fusion power .
Colliding beam fusion: A beam of high energy particles fired at another beam or target can initiate fusion. This was used in the 1970s and 1980s to study the cross sections of fusion reactions. [9] However beam systems cannot be used for power because keeping a beam coherent takes more energy than comes from fusion.
Penning fusion (PFX, LANL) Plasma jets (HyperV, Chantilly) Magnetized target fusion with mechanical compression (General Fusion, Burnaby) Field-reversed colliding beams (Tri-Alpha) Muon-catalyzed fusion (Berkeley, Alvarez) Dense Plasma Focus (Focus fusion, Lawrenceville Plasma Physics, Lerner) Rotating lithium wall (RWE, Maryland)
As a very simple explanation of a bifurcation in a dynamical system, consider an object balanced on top of a vertical beam. The mass of the object can be thought of as the control parameter, r, and the beam's deflection from the vertical axis is the dynamic variable, x. As r increases, x remains relatively stable. But when the mass reaches a ...
Nuclear cross sections are used in determining the nuclear reaction rate, and are governed by the reaction rate equation for a particular set of particles (usually viewed as a "beam and target" thought experiment where one particle or nucleus is the "target", which is typically at rest, and the other is treated as a "beam", which is a projectile with a given energy).
Neutral-beam injection (NBI) is one method used to heat plasma inside a fusion device consisting in a beam of high-energy neutral particles that can enter the magnetic confinement field. When these neutral particles are ionized by collision with the plasma particles, they are kept in the plasma by the confining magnetic field and can transfer ...
Producing fusion power by confining the plasma with magnetic fields is most effective if the field lines do not penetrate solid surfaces but close on themselves into circles or toroidal surfaces. The mainline confinement concepts of tokamak and stellarator do this in a toroidal chamber, which allows a great deal of control over the magnetic ...
Migma, sometimes migmatron or migmacell, was a proposed colliding beam fusion reactor designed by Bogdan Maglich in 1969. [1] Migma uses self-intersecting beams of ions from small particle accelerators to force the ions to fuse.