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  2. Face negotiation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_negotiation_theory

    According to Bisel et al. (2011), "denying unethical communication challenges both positive and negative face of the hearer”. An expression of disapproval threatens a person's positive face which indicates the hearer's need for approval and it impacts the person's negative face because it affects the person's autonomy.

  3. Face (sociological concept) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_(sociological_concept)

    "Fellowship face" describes a desire to seem cooperative, accepted, and loved. "Competence face" describes a desire to appear intelligent, accomplished, and capable. [49] [45] [page needed] Oetzel et al. (2000) defined "facework" as "the communicative strategies one uses to enact self-face and to uphold, support, or challenge another person's ...

  4. Communication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 9 March 2025. Transmission of information For other uses, see Communication (disambiguation). "Communicate" redirects here. For other uses, see Communicate (disambiguation). There are many forms of communication, including human linguistic communication using sounds, sign language, and writing as well as ...

  5. Communication accommodation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication...

    The basis of CAT lies in the idea that people adjust (or accommodate) their style of speech and nonverbal behavior to one another. [2] Convergence is a form of accommodation in which there are changes in the kinesics (face and body motion), haptics (touch), physical appearance, chronemics (time use), artifacts (personal objects), proxemics ...

  6. Identity management theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_Management_Theory

    Identity management theory explores the role of face, negotiation, and identity convergence in regard to intercultural communication. IMT seeks to explain how the development of interpersonal relationships is the means by which cultural identities are negotiated. [ 1 ]

  7. Interaction Ritual: Essays on Face-to-Face Behavior - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaction_Ritual:_Essays...

    The first essay, "On Face-work", discusses the concept of face, which is the positive self-image a person holds when interacting with others. Goffman believes that face "as a sociological construct of interaction is neither inherent in nor a permanent aspect of the person". [ 6 ]

  8. Grounding in communication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grounding_in_communication

    Grounding in communication theory has described conversation as a form of collaborative action. [2] While grounding in communication theory has been applied to mediated communication, the theory primarily addresses face-to-face conversation. Groups working together will ground their conversations by coming up with common ground or mutual knowledge.

  9. Defensive communication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defensive_Communication

    Defensive communication leads to the degrading of discourse in a group. Defensive communication is a communicative behavior that occurs within relationships, work environments, and social groups [ 1 ] [ 2 ] when an individual reacts in a defensive manner in response to a self-perceived flaw or a threat from outsiders.