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Society in the Joseon dynasty was built upon Neo-Confucianist ideals, namely the three fundamental principles and five moral disciplines. There were four classes: the yangban nobility, the "middle class" jungin , sangmin , or the commoners, and the cheonmin , the outcasts at the very bottom.
The new Joseon Dynasty (1392–1910) [5] followed suit and also adopted Neo-Confucianism as the primary belief system among scholars and administrators. Jo Gwangjo 's efforts to promulgate Neo-Confucianism among the populace had been followed by the rise of Korea's two most prominent Confucian scholars, Yi Hwang (1501–1570) and Yi I (1536 ...
King Sejong is credited for organizing a body of scholars that consolidated, refined and codified various laws, practices, beliefs and the accepted Confucius systems into law. The Joseon Sijeong Uigwe was compiled into an volumes, similar, to a modern encyclopedia. Volumes included comprehensive criminal, civil, administrative and tax laws.
The word Gwanhonsangje (冠婚喪祭) was first used in the classic book Ye-gi (예기禮記), and has since been used in many other works describing various rites. Similar weddings and other practices have been observed since the period of the Three Kingdoms, [1] [2] although it is unclear whether the concept of a Confucian wedding ceremony was firmly established at that time.
The politics of the Joseon dynasty, which ruled Korea from 1392 to 1897, were governed by the reigning ideology of Korean Confucianism, a form of Neo-Confucianism. Political struggles were common between different factions of the scholar-officials. Purges frequently resulted in leading political figures being sent into exile or condemned to death.
Buddhism was introduced to Korea from China during the Three Kingdoms era in the fourth century, and the religion became an important part of the culture until the Joseon Dynasty when Confucianism was established as the state philosophy. [2] During the Late Joseon Dynasty, in the 19th century, Christianity began to take root in Korea. [3]
Confucianism is concerned with finding "middle ways" between yin and yang at every new configuration of the world." [36] Confucianism conciliates both the inner and outer polarities of spiritual cultivation—that is to say self-cultivation and world redemption—synthesised in the ideal of "sageliness within and kingliness without". [34]
The actual practice of the Confucian royal ancestral shrine in Joseon, awarding almost every former King an immovable status, rebuilt Jongmyo's main shrine building 'Jeongjeon ' (정전) as form of having endless horizontal expansion, eventually creating a unique and iconic architectural style only found in Joseon.