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Topical cream formulation is an emulsion semisolid dosage form that is used for skin external application. Most of the topical cream formulations contain more than 20 per cent of water and volatiles and/or less than 50 per cent of hydrocarbons , waxes , or polyethylene glycols as the vehicle for external skin application. [ 1 ]
Acetophenone is formed as a byproduct of the cumene process, the industrial route for the synthesis of phenol and acetone.In the Hock rearrangement of isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, migration of a methyl group rather than the phenyl group gives acetophenone and methanol as a result of an alternate rearrangement of the intermediate:
Ointments are more occlusive than aqueous creams, which are more occlusive than lotion. [5] Water loss through the skin is normally about 4–8 g/(m 2 ⋅h). A layer of petrolatum applied to normal skin can reduce that loss by 50–75% for several hours. [4] Oils naturally produced by the human body moisturize through this same mechanism. [2]
British researchers found evidence that using the cream to moisturize areas affected by eczema may actually aggravate the condition. [2] They suggested this was due to skin-thinning effects of a detergent sodium lauryl sulfate. The National Eczema Society recommends alternatives such as white soft paraffin wax or other types of emollient ...
Topical drug delivery (TDD) is a route of drug administration that allows the topical formulation to be delivered across the skin upon application, hence producing a localized effect to treat skin disorders like eczema. [1] [2] The formulation of topical drugs can be classified into corticosteroids, antibiotics, antiseptics, and anti-fungal.
[3] [1] [6] [10] Gel characteristics include stability, thermodynamic activity, and occlusive properties. [3] [1] [10] Following penetration through the skin barrier, the drug may permeate through deeper skin tissues and reach the blood capillaries in the dermis. [6] [9] It may then proceed to enter the systemic circulation for systemic effect ...
There are many other terms for creams designed to protect skin from harmful substances, including skin protective creams, pre-work creams, antisolvent gels, protective ointments, [2] and shielding lotions. [3] Three classes of barrier creams are used: water repellent creams, water-soluble creams, and creams designed for special applications. [4]
Psoralen plus UVA (PUVA) therapy can be used to treat hyperproliferative skin disorders like psoriasis and certain kinds of skin cancer. [2] Unfortunately, PUVA treatment itself leads to a higher risk of skin cancer. [3] An important use of psoralen is in PUVA treatment for skin problems such as psoriasis and, to a lesser extent, eczema and ...