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The nictitating membrane of a masked lapwing as it closes over the left eye, originating from the medial canthus. The nictitating membrane (from Latin nictare, to blink) is a transparent or translucent third eyelid present in some animals that can be drawn across the eye from the medial canthus to protect and moisten it while maintaining vision.
The eyelids of a bird are not used in blinking. Instead the eye is lubricated by the nictitating membrane, a third concealed eyelid that sweeps horizontally across the eye like a windscreen wiper. [12] The nictitating membrane also covers the eye and acts as a contact lens in many aquatic birds when they are under water. [5]
It is loose, thus eye movements are not restricted by it. Only one species of primate, the Calabar angwantibo, is known to have a functioning nictitating membrane. [4] With ocular allergies, the lacrimal caruncle and plica semilunaris may be inflamed and pruritic (itchy) due to histamine release in the tissue and tear film.
In squamate reptiles both the nictitating membrane and the eyelids have been suggested as the evolutionary origin of the brille, but embryonic studies supports the fusion of the dorsal and ventral eyelids. [1] Brille means "spectacles" or "glasses" in German, Norwegian, and Danish.
Cherry eye is typically diagnosed by examination of the conjunctiva and nictitating membrane. [2] The most obvious symptom of cherry eye is a round fleshy mass in the medial canthus of the eye, similar in appearance to the fruit it is named for. [ 8 ]
Skull diagram in top down and side-on views. Unlike the vast majority of lizards, the tuatara has a complete lower temporal bar closing the lower temporal fenestra (an opening of the skull behind the eye socket), caused by the fusion of the quadrate/quadratojugal (which are fused into a single element in adult tuatara) and the jugal bones of ...
Rhineura floridana; the Harderian gland is marked H. gl. in diagram B (horizontal section of head) and C (horizontal section through right eye).. The Harderian gland is a gland found within the eye's orbit that occurs in tetrapods (reptiles, amphibians, birds and mammals) that possess a nictitating membrane.
An eyelid (/ ˈ aɪ. l ɪ d / EYE-lid) is a thin fold of skin that covers and protects an eye.The levator palpebrae superioris muscle retracts the eyelid, exposing the cornea to the outside, giving vision.