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The galactosidases are categorized as either alpha or beta, according to the category of glycoside they hydrolyze. The enzyme corresponding to an alpha-galactoside is called alpha-galactosidase ; it catalyzes the hydrolysis of substrates that contain α-galactosidic residues , such as glycosphingolipids or glycoproteins . [ 1 ]
α-Galactosidase ( EC 3.2.1.22, α-GAL, α-GAL A; systematic name α-D-galactoside galactohydrolase) is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme that catalyses the following reaction: [1]
β-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23, beta-gal or β-gal; systematic name β-D-galactoside galactohydrolase) is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing β-D-galactose residues in β-D-galactosides.
A galactoside is a glycoside containing galactose.The H of the OH group on carbon-1 of galactose is replaced by an organic moiety. [1]Structure of ONPG, an example of a β-galactoside.
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Alpha-glucosidases are enzymes involved in breaking down complex carbohydrates such as starch and glycogen into their monomers. [2]They catalyze the cleavage of individual glucosyl residues from various glycoconjugates including alpha- or beta-linked polymers of glucose.
The enzyme 6-phospho-β-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.85) catalyzes the following reaction: . a 6-phospho-β-D-galactoside + H 2 O 6-phospho-D-galactose + an alcoholThis enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those glycosidases that hydrolyse O- and S-glycosyl compounds.
Galactosidases are enzymes that break down GM1, and the failure to remove GM1 results in GM1 gangliosidosis. [3] GM1 gangliosidosis are inherited disorders that progressively destroy neurons in the brain and spinal cord as GM1 accumulates.