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MAC addresses are primarily assigned by device manufacturers, and are therefore often referred to as the burned-in address, or as an Ethernet hardware address, hardware address, or physical address. Each address can be stored in the interface hardware, such as its read-only memory , or by a firmware mechanism.
Diagram of relationship between the virtual and physical address spaces. In computing, a physical address (also real address, or binary address), is a memory address that is represented in the form of a binary number on the address bus circuitry in order to enable the data bus to access a particular storage cell of main memory, or a register of memory-mapped I/O device.
The physical gateway address is called the media access control(MAC) address or burned in address (BIA). The physical address is assigned when the device is manufactured, and cannot be changed. When a frame is sent to a device not on the local network, the gateway's MAC address is used in the frame header.
A MAC address is intended as a unique serial number. MAC addresses are typically assigned to network interface hardware at the time of manufacture. The most significant part of the address identifies the manufacturer, who assigns the remainder of the address, thus providing a potentially unique address.
IEEE 802.3 is a working group and a collection of standards defining the physical layer and data link layer's media access control (MAC) of wired Ethernet.The standards are produced by the working group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
Each basic service set has a unique identifier, a BSSID, which is a 48-bit number that follows MAC address conventions. [4] An infrastructure BSSID is usually non-configurable, in which case it is either preset during manufacture or mathematically derived from a preset value such as a serial number or a MAC address of another network interface.
The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a communication protocol for discovering the link layer address, such as a MAC address, associated with a internet layer address, typically an IPv4 address. The protocol, part of the Internet protocol suite , was defined in 1982 by RFC 826 , which is Internet Standard STD 37.
The use of the modified EUI-64 format has serious implications for security and privacy concerns, [53] because the underlying hardware address (most typically the MAC address) is exposed beyond the local network, permitting the tracking of user activities and correlation of user accounts to other information. It also permits vendor-specific ...