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Frog's-leg galvanoscope. The frog galvanoscope was a sensitive electrical instrument used to detect voltage [1] in the late 18th and 19th centuries. It consists of a skinned frog's leg with electrical connections to a nerve. The instrument was invented by Luigi Galvani and improved by Carlo Matteucci.
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Galvanism: electrodes touch a frog, and the legs twitch into the upward position [1]. Galvanism is a term invented by the late 18th-century physicist and chemist Alessandro Volta to refer to the generation of electric current by chemical action. [2]
Matteucci's frog battery, 1845 (top left); Aldini's frog battery, 1818 (bottom); apparatus for controlled exposure of gases to frog battery (top right). A frog battery is an electrochemical battery consisting of a number of dead frogs (or sometimes live ones), which form the cells of the battery connected in a series arrangement.
Experiment De viribus electricitatis in motu musculari Late 1780s diagram of Galvani's experiment on frog legs. Luigi Galvani was born to Domenico Galvani and Barbara Caterina Foschi, in Bologna, then part of the Papal States. [6] The house in which he was born may still be seen on Via Marconi, 25, in the center of Bologna. [7]
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The frog's leg, as well as being a detector of electrical current, was also the electrolyte (to use the language of modern chemistry). A year after Galvani published his work (1790), Alessandro Volta showed that the frog was not necessary, using instead a force-based detector and brine-soaked paper (as electrolyte).
An early D'Arsonval galvanometer showing magnet and rotating coil. A galvanometer is an electromechanical measuring instrument for electric current.Early galvanometers were uncalibrated, but improved versions, called ammeters, were calibrated and could measure the flow of current more precisely.