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Primary liver cancer is globally the sixth-most frequent cancer and the fourth-leading cause of death from cancer. [7] [10] In 2018, it occurred in 841,000 people and resulted in 782,000 deaths globally. [7] Higher rates of liver cancer occur where hepatitis B and C are common, including Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. [3]
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a cause of acute and chronic liver disease caused specifically by medications and the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn from the market after approval. The liver plays a central role in transforming and clearing chemicals and is susceptible to the toxicity from these agents.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC [1]) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults and is currently the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis. [2] HCC is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. [3]
Analogous terms such as "drug-induced" or "toxic" liver disease are also used to refer to disorders caused by various drugs. [ 7 ] Fatty liver disease (hepatic steatosis ) is a reversible condition where large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulate in liver cells. [ 8 ]
After several years, chronic infection may cause cirrhosis or liver cancer. [5] The liver enzymes measured from blood samples are normal in 7–53%. [21] (Elevated levels indicate the virus or other disease is damaging liver cells). Late relapses after apparent cure have been reported, but these can be difficult to distinguish from reinfection ...
Increased risk of cancer. [32] Lumiracoxib (Prexige) 2007–2008 Worldwide Liver damage Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) 1950s–1960s Marketed as a psychiatric drug; withdrawn after it became widely used recreationally. Now illegal in most of the world. Mebanazine: 1975 UK Hepatotoxicity, drug intereaction. [3] Methandrostenolone: 1982
Cancer cells can also cause defects in the cellular pathways of apoptosis (programmed cell death). As most chemotherapy drugs kill cancer cells in this manner, defective apoptosis allows survival of these cells, making them resistant. Many chemotherapy drugs also cause DNA damage, which can be repaired by enzymes in the cell that carry out DNA ...
Breast, colorectal cancer, gallbladder, gastrointestinal tract, head and neck, liver and pancreas cancer. Myelosuppression, diarrhoea, neurotoxicity and hepatitis (rare). Tioguanine: PO: Purine synthesis inhibitor. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and acute myeloid leukaemia