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This is a list of bodies that consider themselves to be authorities on standard languages, often called language academies.Language academies are motivated by, or closely associated with, linguistic purism and prestige, and typically publish prescriptive dictionaries, [1] which purport to officiate and prescribe the meaning of words and pronunciations.
A few dictionaries, such as dictionary.com, use "/y/" for /j/, which is at odds with the official IPA usage, which defines /y/ as close front rounded vowel (as in French tu or German über), and appears as such in transcriptions of French and German, as well as some dialects of English.
A. Academia Brasileira de Letras; Lisbon Academy of Sciences, Class of Letters; Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala; Academia Mexicana de la Lengua
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) can be used to represent sound correspondences among various accents and dialects of the English language. These charts give a diaphoneme for each sound, followed by its realization in different dialects. The symbols for the diaphonemes are given in bold, followed by their most common phonetic values.
IPA: The Merriam-Webster Dictionary (MWD) Merriam-Webster: 1828 18th (rev., ISBN 978-0877790952) 2022 (25.10) 960 (mass-market) 75,000 American: Diacritical: New Oxford American Dictionary (NOAD) Oxford University Press: 2001 3rd (ISBN 0-19-539288-4) 2010 2,096 350,000 American: Diacritical: Oxford Dictionary of English: Oxford University Press ...
Throughout Wikipedia, the pronunciation of words is indicated using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The following tables list the IPA symbols used for English words and pronunciations. Please note that several of these symbols are used in ways that are specific to Wikipedia, and differ from those used by dictionaries. If the IPA ...
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (abbreviated AHD) uses a phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet to transcribe the pronunciation of spoken English. It and similar respelling systems, such as those used by the Merriam-Webster and Random House dictionaries, are familiar to US schoolchildren.
A language council, also known as a language regulator or a language academy, is an organisation that performs language planning or regulation. Some language councils are national and tied to a specific state, while councils without association to any country where the language is dominant also exist. [1] Some language academies may be ...