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[3] [8] [15] Modafinil may harm the fetus if taken during or two months prior to pregnancy. [17] While modafinil is used as a cognitive enhancer, or "smart drug", among healthy individuals seeking improved focus and productivity, [18] [19] its use outside medical supervision raises concerns regarding potential misuse or abuse.
For optimal pregnancy chance, there are recommendations of sexual intercourse every 1 or 2 days, [14] or every 2 or 3 days. [15] Studies have shown no significant difference between different sex positions and pregnancy rate, as long as it results in ejaculation into the vagina. [16]
A Cephalon-founded study in which patients were administered modafinil, methylphenidate, and a placebo found that modafinil produces "psychoactive and euphoric effects and feelings consistent with [methylphenidate]." [12] Like modafinil, armodafinil is an inhibitor and/or inducer of certain cytochrome P450 enzymes.
Both enantiomers of modafinil preferentially bind to the DAT in an inward facing conformation that is associated with atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) profiles. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Esmodafinil and armodafinil are said to have equipotent pharmacological effects but differing pharmacokinetics (see below).
[3] [4] [12] Modafinil and armodafinil are thought to act as selective, weak, atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitors (DRIs). [13] [3] [4] However, additional actions are also possible and have not been ruled out. [13] Adrafinil acts as a prodrug of modafinil and hence shares its mechanism of action. [13]
The petition filed by over 20 consumer advocacy groups in 2022 that argued for the removal of Red Dye No. 3 from food and dietary supplements cited studies, the FDA's prior use of the Delaney ...
The severity of effects alcohol may have on a developing fetus depends upon the amount and frequency of alcohol consumed as well as the stage of pregnancy. Rates of alcohol consumption can generally be categorized in one of three ways: heavy drinking (more than 48-60 grams of ethanol/day), moderately high drinking (24-48 grams of ethanol/day ...
[2] [8] [1] [9] It produces wakefulness-promoting effects in animals. [2] [8] Unlike modafinil, flmodafinil does not induce cytochrome P450 enzymes. [2] Chemically, flmodafinil is an enantiopure derivative of modafinil and is also known as bisfluoromodafinil (it is the (R)-bis(4-fluoro) phenyl ring-substituted derivative of modafinil). [2] [8]