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  2. Specie Circular - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specie_Circular

    The Specie Circular is a United States presidential executive order issued by President Andrew Jackson on 11 July 1836 pursuant to the Coinage Act of 1834. It required payment for government land to be in gold and silver (specie). [1] It was repealed by a joint act of Congress on 21 May 1838. [2]

  3. Tree of life (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_of_life_(biology)

    Edward Hitchcock's fold-out paleontological chart in his 1840 Elementary Geology. Although tree-like diagrams have long been used to organise knowledge, and although branching diagrams known as claves ("keys") were omnipresent in eighteenth-century natural history, it appears that the earliest tree diagram of natural order was the 1801 "Arbre botanique" (Botanical Tree) of the French ...

  4. Hard money (policy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_money_(policy)

    Hard money policies support a specie standard, usually gold or silver, typically implemented with representative money. In 1836, when President Andrew Jackson's veto of the recharter of the Second Bank of the United States took effect, he issued the Specie Circular, an executive order that all public lands had to be purchased with hard money.

  5. Mandala - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandala

    Circular diagrams are often used in phylogenetics, especially for the graphical representation of phylogenetic relationships. Evolutionary trees often encompass numerous species that are conveniently shown on a circular tree, with images of the species shown on the periphery of a tree.

  6. Timeline of human evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_human_evolution

    The timeline of human evolution outlines the major events in the evolutionary lineage of the modern human species, Homo sapiens, throughout the history of life, beginning some 4 billion years ago down to recent evolution within H. sapiens during and since the Last Glacial Period.

  7. Volvelle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volvelle

    A volvelle or wheel chart is a type of slide chart, a paper construction with rotating parts. It is considered an early example of a paper analog computer . [ 1 ] Volvelles have been produced to accommodate organization and calculation in many diverse subjects.

  8. On the Origin of Species - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species

    This tree diagram, used to show the divergence of species, is the only illustration in the Origin of Species. Darwin proposes sexual selection, driven by competition between males for mates, to explain sexually dimorphic features such as lion manes, deer antlers, peacock tails, bird songs, and the bright plumage of some male birds. [129]

  9. Rotating locomotion in living systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_locomotion_in...

    A wheeled buffalo figurine—probably a children's toy—from Magna Graecia in archaic Greece [1]. Several organisms are capable of rolling locomotion. However, true wheels and propellers—despite their utility in human vehicles—do not play a significant role in the movement of living things (with the exception of the corkscrew-like flagella of many prokaryotes).