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The pH range is commonly given as zero to 14, but a pH value can be less than 0 for very concentrated strong acids or greater than 14 for very concentrated strong bases. [2] The pH scale is traceable to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established by international agreement. [3]
The pH scale is by far the most commonly used acidity function, and is ideal for dilute aqueous solutions. Other acidity functions have been proposed for different environments, most notably the Hammett acidity function, H 0, [3] for superacid media and its modified version H − for superbasic media.
This page was last edited on 19 September 2008, at 17:42 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, anything above 7 is basic while anything below 7 is acidic. Water has a neutral pH of 7 so once a gas is mixed with water, if the resulting mixture has a pH of less than 7 that means it is an acidic gas; if the pH is more than 7, that means it is an alkaline gas. [1]
From 1901 to 1938, Sørensen was head of the prestigious Carlsberg Laboratory, Copenhagen. [2] While working at the Carlsberg Laboratory he studied the effect of ion concentration on proteins [3] and, because the concentration of hydrogen ions was particularly important, he introduced the pH-scale as a simple way of expressing it in 1909. [4]
The Hammett acidity function (H 0) is a measure of acidity that is used for very concentrated solutions of strong acids, including superacids.It was proposed by the physical organic chemist Louis Plack Hammett [1] [2] and is the best-known acidity function used to extend the measure of Brønsted–Lowry acidity beyond the dilute aqueous solutions for which the pH scale is useful.
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A pH meter is a scientific instrument that measures the hydrogen-ion activity in water-based solutions, ... (approximately 0.06 volts per pH unit) with the pH scale.
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