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In the Unix model, the operating system consists of two parts: first, the huge collection of utility programs that drive most operations; second, the kernel that runs the programs. [49] Under Unix, from a programming standpoint, the distinction between the two is fairly thin; the kernel is a program, running in supervisor mode, [c] that acts as ...
Linux distributions that have highly modified kernels — for example, real-time computing kernels — should be listed separately. There are also a wide variety of minor BSD operating systems, many of which can be found at comparison of BSD operating systems.
The Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset (ELKS), formerly known as Linux-8086, is a Linux-like operating system kernel. It is a subset of the Linux kernel , intended for 16-bit computers with limited processor and memory resources such as machines powered by Intel 8086 and compatible microprocessors not supported by 32-bit Linux .
Multiserver Microkernel (Hurd kernel) or Monolithic (Linux-libre kernel, fork of Linux kernel, and other kernels which are not part of the GNU Project) C: 1:1 Unix-like: 2.4 on Linux-libre kernel (not on Hurd kernel) Linux: ReactOS: GPL, LGPL Hybrid C, C++ Windows-like: No RISC OS: Apache 2.0 Monolithic (with cooperative multitasking) ARM ...
GNU Hurd is a collection of microkernel servers written as part of GNU, for the GNU Mach microkernel. It has been under development since 1990 by the GNU Project of the Free Software Foundation, designed as a replacement for the Unix kernel, [4] and released as free software under the GNU General Public License.
The Unix program which spawns all other processes. As of 2016, for major Linux distributions, it has been replaced by systemd. [2] biod [3] Works in cooperation with the remote nfsd to handle client NFS requests. crond [1] Time-based job scheduler, runs jobs in the background. dhcpd: Dynamically configure TCP/IP information for clients. fingerd
Linux API, Linux ABI, and in-kernel APIs and ABIs. The Linux kernel provides multiple interfaces to user-space and kernel-mode code that are used for varying purposes and that have varying properties by design. There are two types of application programming interface (API) in the Linux kernel: the "kernel–user space" API; and; the "kernel ...
It chronicles the history of Unix and how it led to the creation of Linux. The book provides samples of code written in C, and learning exercises at the end of chapters. The author is a former writer for the Linux Weekly News [1] and the current maintainer for the Linux man pages project. [2]