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The Constitution of Mongolia adopted in 1992 states that the President of Mongolia is the "head of state and embodiment of the unity of the Mongolian people". [1]Mongolia declared its independence from the Qing dynasty during the Mongolian Revolution of 1911, [a] under the Bogd Khan (the 8th Jebtsundamba Khutuktu).
Acting presidents are included in this list, but if a leader has non-consecutive terms, only the current period of service is listed. States where head of state differs from head of government are mainly parliamentary systems. Often a leader holds both positions in presidential systems or dictatorships.
Generally, Mongolian leaders have lived at the president's residence at the Ikh Tenger Complex (Mongolian: Их тэнгэр цогцолбор). The complex is a protected area in the Bogd Khan Mountain. [8] The residence is located next to the mansions of the Speaker of Parliament and Prime Minister. [8]
Mongolia held its first democratic elections in 1990, following a peaceful 1990 revolution. [5] [6] From 1921 to 1990, Mongolia was a communist single-party state under the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. [7] Historically, Mongolian politics has been influenced by its two large neighbors, Russia and China. [8] [9]
In one-party states, the ruling party's leader (e.g. the General Secretary) is usually the de facto top leader of the state, though sometimes this leader also holds the presidency or premiership. In Andorra , Iran , and Vatican City ( Holy See ), a clergy member also acts as the head of state.
Mongolia elects its head of state—the President of Mongolia—at the national level. The president is elected for a six-year term by the people, using the Two-round system. The State Great Khural (Ullsyn Ikh Khural, State Great Assembly) has 126 members (reform in 2023), originally elected for a four-year term from single-seat constituencies ...
Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh (Mongolian: Ухнаагийн Хүрэлсүх; [a] born 14 June 1968), also referred to as Khürelsükh Ukhnaa, is a Mongolian politician who is the 6th and current president of Mongolia since 2021.
Preliminary results showed the ruling Mongolia People's Party had won a narrow and reduced majority [30] in the Khural, which allowed Prime Minister Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene to publicly claim victory. The Democratic Party also gained 42 seats, an increase from the 2020 election. [31] The full official results were presented by the GEC on 1 ...