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On the other hand, in women who have had previous unsuccessful treatment, IVF achieves a live birth rate approximately 2–3 times greater than ovarian stimulation combined with IUI. [8] IUI and ICI has higher pregnancy rates when combined with ovarian stimulation in couples with unexplained infertility, for IUI being 13% unstimulated and 15% ...
Recurrent IVF failure is a much more broad term and includes all repeated failures to get pregnant from IVF. Repeated implantation failure specifically refers to those failures due to unsuccessful implanting to the uterus wall. [1] An unsuccessful implantation can result from problems with the mother or with the embryo.
Both clomiphene and letrozole have a risk of a multiple gestation pregnancy, with the risk being less than 10%. [2] Those with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism require pulsatile GnRH therapy, which is associated with a 93-100% pregnancy rate after 6 months of therapy. [2] The risk of a multiple gestation pregnancy with gonadotropins is 36%. [2]
IUI is an economic option for same-sex couples and can be done without the use of medication. [36] According to a study from 2021, lesbian women undergoing IUI had an average clinical pregnancy rate of 13.2% per cycle and 42.2% success rate giving the average number of cycles at 3.6. [37]
Recurrent miscarriage or recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is the spontaneous loss of 2-3 pregnancies that is estimated to affect up to 5% of women. The exact number of pregnancy losses and gestational weeks used to define RPL differs among medical societies. [1]
[15] [3] [5] [12] [9] The increase in glucocorticoids inhibits the release of GnRH and gonadotropins and contributes to the pathophysiology of stress-related FHA. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] [ 12 ] It is currently unknown whether recovery from AN or FHA result in restoration of normal levels of cortisol , as there has not been a strong trend defined towards ...
The physical symptoms of a miscarriage vary according to the length of pregnancy, though most miscarriages cause pain or cramping. The size of blood clots and pregnancy tissue that are passed become larger with longer gestations. After 13 weeks' gestation, there is a higher risk of placenta retention. [118]
The pregnancy outcome is strongly chromosome specific. The most frequently seen trisomic cells in confined placental mosaicism involve chromosomes 2, 3, 7, 8 and 16. The next frequently involved are 9, 13, 15, 18, 20 and 22. [8] It has been observed that CPM involving the sex chromosomes usually has no adverse effects on fetal development. [9]