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These activities were often handled by a form of direct democracy, based on a popular assembly. Others, of judicial and official nature, were often handled by large juries, drawn from the citizen body in a process known as sortition. By far the most well-documented and studied example is the Athenian democracy in Athens.
Athenian democracy developed around the 6th century BC in the Greek city-state (known as a polis) of Athens, comprising the city of Athens and the surrounding territory of Attica, and focusing on supporting liberty, equality, and security [1]. Although Athens is the most familiar of the democratic city-states in ancient Greece, it was not the ...
The Athenian Revolution (508–507 BCE) was a revolt by the people of Athens that overthrew the ruling aristocratic oligarchy, establishing the almost century-long self-governance of Athens in the form of a participatory democracy – open to all free male citizens.
By the time of the Peloponnesian War, the democracy in Athens was approximately 100 years old. [2] Most of the upper class accepted this form of government, while either vying for positions of leadership within it or, remaining aloof outside of it. [3] Until the war, most of the leading Athenian politicians had come from noble families. [3]
Both Isocrates and Aristotle (the latter in the Athenian Constitution) have reported that the Thirty executed 1,500 people without trial. [12] [7] Critias, a former pupil of Socrates, has been described as "the first Robespierre" [13] because of his cruelty and inhumanity; he evidently aimed to end democracy, regardless of the human cost. [14]
Bust of Emmanouel Pappas in Athens. It would take until the end of the century for the city's Greek community to recover. [117] The revolt, however, gained momentum in Mount Athos and Kassandra, and the island of Thasos joined it. [118] Meanwhile, the revolt in Chalkidiki was progressing slowly and unsystematically.
The conflict marked the end of Athenian command of the sea. The war between Athens and the city-state Sparta ended with an Athenian defeat after Sparta started its own navy. Athenian democracy was briefly overthrown by the coup of 411, brought about because of its poor handling of the war, but it was quickly restored. The war ended with the ...
By the end of the war during 1953, 194 Greek soldiers will be killed. 1952, 18 February: Greece and Turkey become members of NATO. 1953, August: The 7.2 M s Ionian earthquake shakes the southern Ionian Islands with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). Between 445 and 800 people were killed.