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The pylorus is considered as having two parts, the pyloric antrum (opening to the body of the stomach) and the pyloric canal (opening to the duodenum). The pyloric canal ends as the pyloric orifice, which marks the junction between the stomach and the duodenum. The orifice is surrounded by a sphincter, a band of muscle, called the pyloric ...
The duodenal bulb (also ampulla of duodenum, duodenal ampulla, or duodenal cap) is the initial, dilated portion of (the superior part of) the duodenum [1] just distal to the stomach; it begins at the pylorus and ends at the neck of the gallbladder. It is normally about 5 centimeters long. [2]
Despite the right kidney lying 1 cm lower than the left (right just below and the left just above the plane), [2] to be practical, the surface markings are taken the same way. The hilum of the kidney on the left and right is taken as 5 cm from the vertical midline and is on the transpyloric plane.
The gastric folds consist of two layers: Mucosal layer – This layer releases stomach acid. It is the innermost layer of the stomach. [5] It is affected by the hormone histamine, which signals it to release hydrochloric acid (HCl). Sub-mucosal layer – This layer consists of different vessels and nerves, ganglion neurons, and adipose tissue ...
Billroth II, more formally Billroth's operation II, is an operation in which a partial gastrectomy (removal of the stomach) is performed and the cut end of the stomach is closed.
Billroth I, more formally Billroth's operation I, is an operation in which the pylorus is removed and the distal stomach is anastomosed directly to the duodenum. [1] [2] The operation is most closely associated with Theodor Billroth, but was first described by Polish surgeon Ludwik Rydygier. [2] The surgical procedure is called a ...
Porphyrian trees by three authors: Purchotius (1730), Boethius (6th century), and Ramon Llull (ca. 1305). In philosophy (particularly the theory of categories), the Porphyrian tree or Tree of Porphyry is a classic device for illustrating a "scale of being" (Latin: scala praedicamentalis), attributed to the 3rd-century CE Greek neoplatonist philosopher and logician Porphyry, and revived through ...
Stylised diagram of choledochojejunostomy indicating anastomoses A surgically created passage between the common bile duct and the jejunum in a procedure called a choledochojejunostomy , can be carried out to relieve the symptoms of biliary obstruction as well as allows the bile duct to drain.