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In aviation (particularly in air navigation), lowest safe altitude (LSALT) is an altitude that is at least 500 feet above any obstacle or terrain within a defined safety buffer region around a particular route that a pilot might fly. The safety buffer allows for errors in the air by including an additional area that a pilot might stray into by ...
A minimum off-route altitude (MORA) provides a quick way for an aircraft pilot to read the minimum altitude required for terrain and obstacle clearance. MORAs give at least 1,000 feet altitude clearance above terrain and obstacles such as radio masts , and 2,000 feet where the terrain and obstacles exceed 5,000 feet. [ 1 ]
It includes approach segments, NAVAIDs, restrictive airspeeds, restrictive altitudes, holding patterns and procedure turns, airports, relief, hydrography, international boundary, obstacles, special use airspace, minimum safe altitude, terminal arrival areas, and helicopter procedures. The missed approach track is shown as a thin hash marked ...
An aeronautical chart is a map designed to assist in the navigation of aircraft, much as nautical charts do for watercraft, or a roadmap does for drivers. Using these charts and other tools, pilots are able to determine their position, safe altitude, best route to a destination, navigation aids along the way, alternative landing areas in case of an in-flight emergency, and other useful ...
Minimum, maximum and mandatory altitudes are depicted in addition to the minimum safe altitude (MSA) for emergencies. A cross depicts the final approach fix (FAF) altitude on NPAs while a lightning bolt does the same for PAs. NPAs depict the MDA while a PA shows both the decision altitude (DA) and decision height (DH).
ICAO Doc 4444 requires that radar systems should provide for the display of safety-related alerts including the presentation of minimum safe altitude warning. [2] The radar equipment predicts an aircraft’s position in 2 minutes based on present path of flight, and the controller issues a safety alert if the projected path encounters terrain or an obstruction.
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In United States and Canadian aviation, the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) [1] (formerly the Airman's Information Manual) is the respective nation's official guide to basic flight information and air traffic control procedures. These manuals contains the fundamentals required in order to fly legally in the country of origin.