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Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a set of symptoms that can occur following a reduction in alcohol use after a period of excessive use. [1] Symptoms typically include anxiety , shakiness , sweating, vomiting, fast heart rate , and a mild fever. [ 1 ]
The protracted withdrawal syndrome from benzodiazepines, opioids, alcohol and other addictive substances can produce symptoms identical to generalized anxiety disorder as well as panic disorder. Due to the sometimes prolonged nature and severity of benzodiazepine, opioid and alcohol withdrawal, abrupt cessation is not advised.
Withdrawal leads to a biochemical regulation cascade. [citation needed] Delirium tremens is most common in people who are in alcohol withdrawal, especially in those who drink 10–11 standard drinks (equivalent of 7 to 8 US pints (3 to 4 L) of beer, 4 to 5 US pints (1.9 to 2.4 L) of wine or 1 US pint (0.5 L) of distilled beverage) daily ...
alcohol (alcoholic beverage) (cf. alcohol dependence, alcohol withdrawal, delirium tremens) [11] barbiturates such as phenobarbital, sodium thiopental and secobarbital; benzodiazepines such as diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), and alprazolam (Xanax) (see benzodiazepine dependence and benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome)
Management with a combination of abstinence from alcohol and the use of neuroleptics has been shown to be effective. [11] It is also possible to treat withdrawal before major symptoms start to happen in the body. Diazepam and chlordiazepoxide have proven to be effective in treating alcohol withdrawal symptoms such as alcoholic hallucinosis ...
Failure to manage the alcohol withdrawal syndrome appropriately can lead to permanent brain damage or death. [11] Acamprosate, a drug used to promote abstinence from alcohol, an NMDA antagonist drug, reduces excessive glutamate activity in the central nervous system and thereby may reduce excitotoxicity and withdrawal related brain damage. [12 ...
Cohort studies have demonstrated that the combination of anticonvulsants and benzodiazepines is more effective than other treatments in reducing alcohol withdrawal scores and shortening the duration of intensive care unit stays. [183] Nitrous oxide has been shown to be an effective and safe treatment for alcohol withdrawal. [184]
Because of its relatively long duration of action, and evidence of safety and efficacy, diazepam is preferred over other benzodiazepines for the treatment of persons experiencing moderate to severe alcohol withdrawal. [45] An exception to this is when a medication is required intramuscular in which case either lorazepam or midazolam is ...
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