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An audio recording of lift-induced vortices heard shortly after an airliner flew over the recorder. Wingtip vortices are circular patterns of rotating air left behind a wing as it generates lift. [ 1]: 5.14 The name is a misnomer because the cores of the vortices are slightly inboard of the wing tips. [ 2]: 369 Wingtip vortices are sometimes ...
MAP sensor. The manifold absolute pressure sensor ( MAP sensor) is one of the sensors used in an internal combustion engine 's electronic control system. Engines that use a MAP sensor are typically fuel injected. The manifold absolute pressure sensor provides instantaneous manifold pressure information to the engine's electronic control unit (ECU).
The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as 101,325 Pa (1,013.25 hPa ), which is equivalent to 1,013.25 millibars, [ 1 ] 760 mm Hg, 29.9212 inches Hg, or 14.696 psi. [ 2 ] The atm unit is roughly equivalent to the mean sea-level atmospheric pressure on Earth; that is, the Earth's atmospheric pressure at sea level is ...
at each geopotential altitude, where g is the standard acceleration of gravity, and R specific is the specific gas constant for dry air (287.0528J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1). The solution is given by the barometric formula. Air density must be calculated in order to solve for the pressure, and is used in calculating dynamic pressure for moving vehicles.
Hygrometer. Dry / Wet-bulb temperature. v. t. e. Psychrometrics (or psychrometry, from Greek ψυχρόν (psuchron) 'cold' and μέτρον (metron) 'means of measurement'; [ 1][ 2] also called hygrometry) is the field of engineering concerned with the physical and thermodynamic properties of gas - vapor mixtures .
Stall (fluid dynamics) Airflow separating from an airfoil at a high angle of attack, as occurs at a stall. In fluid dynamics, a stall is a reduction in the lift coefficient generated by a foil as angle of attack exceeds its critical value. [ 1] The critical angle of attack is typically about 15°, but it may vary significantly depending on the ...
In dry air, the adiabatic lapse rate (i.e., decrease in temperature of a parcel of air that rises in the atmosphere without exchanging energy with surrounding air) is 9.8 °C/km (5.4 °F per 1,000 ft). The saturated adiabatic lapse rate (SALR), or moist adiabatic lapse rate (MALR), is the decrease in temperature of a parcel of water-saturated ...
A pressure system is a peak or lull in the sea level pressure distribution. The surface pressure at sea level varies minimally, with the lowest value measured 87 kilopascals (26 inHg) and the highest recorded 108.57 kilopascals (32.06 inHg). High- and low-pressure systems evolve due to interactions of temperature differentials in the atmosphere ...