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Viruses accepted to cause human cancers include some genotypes of human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and human T-lymphotropic virus. The most recently discovered human cancer virus is a polyomavirus (Merkel cell polyomavirus) that causes most cases of a rare ...
A virus is a tiny infectious agent that reproduces inside the cells of living hosts. When infected, the host cell is forced to rapidly produce thousands of identical copies of the original virus. Unlike most living things, viruses do not have cells that divide; new viruses assemble in the infected host cell. But unlike simpler infectious agents ...
v. t. e. The human virome is the total collection of viruses in and on the human body. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Viruses in the human body may infect both human cells and other microbes such as bacteria (as with bacteriophages ). [ 4] Some viruses cause disease, while others may be asymptomatic. Certain viruses are also integrated into the human genome as ...
The Hepatitis D virus has not yet been assigned to a family, but is clearly distinct from the other families infecting humans. Viruses known to infect humans that have not been associated with disease: the family Anelloviridae and the genus Dependovirus. Both of these taxa are non-enveloped single-stranded DNA viruses.
The social history of viruses describes the influence of viruses and viral infections on human history. Epidemics caused by viruses began when human behaviour changed during the Neolithic period, around 12,000 years ago, when humans developed more densely populated agricultural communities. This allowed viruses to spread rapidly and ...
Visna-maedi virus. The human immunodeficiency viruses ( HIV) are two species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans. Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), [ 1][ 2] a condition in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. [ 3]
Virus classification. Virus classification is the process of naming viruses and placing them into a taxonomic system similar to the classification systems used for cellular organisms . Viruses are classified by phenotypic characteristics, such as morphology, nucleic acid type, mode of replication, host organisms, and the type of disease they cause.
The immune response by humans to SARS-CoV-2 virus occurs as a combination of the cell-mediated immunity and antibody production, [344] just as with most other infections. [345] B cells interact with T cells and begin dividing before selection into the plasma cell, partly on the basis of their affinity for antigen. [ 346 ]