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Type 2 diabetes ( T2D ), formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. [ 6] Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue and unexplained weight loss. [ 3]
Polygenic. Genetic cause and mechanism of type 2 diabetes is largely unknown. However, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is one of many mechanisms that leads to increased risk for type 2 diabetes. To locate genes and loci that are responsible for the risk of type 2 diabetes, genome wide association studies (GWAS) was utilized to compare the ...
Blood sugar regulation is the process by which the levels of blood sugar, the common name for glucose dissolved in blood plasma, are maintained by the body within a narrow range. The regulation of glucose levels through Homeostasis. This tight regulation is referred to as glucose homeostasis. Insulin, which lowers blood sugar, and glucagon ...
Type 2 diabetes is generally treated with medication that is taken by mouth (e.g. metformin) although some eventually require injectable treatment with insulin or GLP-1 agonists. [122] Metformin is generally recommended as a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, as there is good evidence that it decreases mortality. [7]
Endocrinology. Complications of diabetes are secondary diseases that are a result of elevated blood glucose levels that occur in diabetic patients. These complications can be divided into two types: acute and chronic. Acute complications are complications that develop rapidly and can be exemplified as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperglycemic ...
Epidemiology of diabetes. Prevalence (per 1,000 inhabitants) of diabetes worldwide in 2000 - world average was 2.8%. Globally, an estimated 537 million adults are living with diabetes, according to 2019 data from the International Diabetes Federation. [ 1] Diabetes was the 9th-leading cause of mortality globally in 2020, attributing to over 2 ...
Preventing diabetes mellitus type 1. Currently, there is no known way to prevent diabetes mellitus type 1. However, onset of diabetes mellitus type 1 may be delayed by about two years by administering Teplizumab. Preventing diabetes mellitus type 2. Preventing diabetes mellitus type 2 – entails a lifestyle with a routine, regime, or self care ...
The condition known today as diabetes (usually referring to diabetes mellitus) is thought to have been described in the Ebers Papyrus ( c. 1550 BC ). Ayurvedic physicians (5th/6th century BC) first noted the sweet taste of diabetic urine, and called the condition madhumeha ("honey urine"). The term diabetes traces back to Demetrius of Apamea ...