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392 million (2015) [ 11] Type 2 diabetes ( T2D ), formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. [ 6] Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue and unexplained weight loss. [ 3]
Polygenic. Genetic cause and mechanism of type 2 diabetes is largely unknown. However, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is one of many mechanisms that leads to increased risk for type 2 diabetes. To locate genes and loci that are responsible for the risk of type 2 diabetes, genome wide association studies (GWAS) was utilized to compare the ...
AIDA is a freeware computer program that permits the interactive simulation of plasma insulin and blood glucose profiles for demonstration, teaching, self-learning, and research purposes. [ 1] Originally developed in 1991, [ 2] it has been updated and enhanced since, and made available without charge from 1996 on the World Wide Web. [ 3]
4.2 million (2019) [ 9] Diabetes mellitus, often known simply as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. [ 10][ 11] Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the cells of the body becoming unresponsive to the hormone's effects. [ 12]
Diabetic ketoacidosis ( DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. [ 1] Signs and symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, deep gasping breathing, increased urination, weakness, confusion and occasionally loss of consciousness. [ 1] A person's breath may develop a specific "fruity" smell. [ 1]
Epidemiology of diabetes. Prevalence (per 1,000 inhabitants) of diabetes worldwide in 2000 - world average was 2.8%. Globally, an estimated 537 million adults are living with diabetes, according to 2019 data from the International Diabetes Federation. [ 1] Diabetes was the 9th-leading cause of mortality globally in 2020, attributing to over 2 ...
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state ( HHS ), also known as hyperosmolar non-ketotic state ( HONK ), is a complication of diabetes mellitus in which high blood sugar results in high osmolarity without significant ketoacidosis. [ 4][ 5] Symptoms include signs of dehydration, weakness, leg cramps, vision problems, and an altered level of ...
Blood sugar regulation is the process by which the levels of blood sugar, the common name for glucose dissolved in blood plasma, are maintained by the body within a narrow range. The regulation of glucose levels through Homeostasis. This tight regulation is referred to as glucose homeostasis. Insulin, which lowers blood sugar, and glucagon ...