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Dual_EC_DRBG (Dual Elliptic Curve Deterministic Random Bit Generator) [1] is an algorithm that was presented as a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) using methods in elliptic curve cryptography.
Blum Blum Shub takes the form + =, where M = pq is the product of two large primes p and q.At each step of the algorithm, some output is derived from x n+1; the output is commonly either the bit parity of x n+1 or one or more of the least significant bits of x n+1.
Roger D. Nelson developed the project as an extrapolation of two decades of experiments from the controversial Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Lab (PEAR). [6]In an extension of the laboratory research utilizing hardware Random Event Generators (REG) [7] called FieldREG, investigators examined the outputs of REGs in the field before, during and after highly focused or coherent group ...
md5sum is a computer program that calculates and verifies 128-bit MD5 hashes, as described in RFC 1321. The MD5 hash functions as a compact digital fingerprint of a file. As with all such hashing algorithms, there is theoretically an unlimited number of files that will have any given MD5 hash.
A pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS), pseudorandom binary code or pseudorandom bitstream is a binary sequence that, while generated with a deterministic algorithm, is difficult to predict [1] and exhibits statistical behavior similar to a truly random sequence.
Eventually, as 8-, 16-, and 32-bit (and later 64-bit) computers began to replace 12-, 18-, and 36-bit computers as the norm, it became common to use an 8-bit byte to store each character in memory, providing an opportunity for extended, 8-bit relatives of ASCII. In most cases these developed as true extensions of ASCII, leaving the original ...
Like other sponge functions, Spritz can be used to build a cryptographic hash function, a deterministic random bit generator , an encryption algorithm that supports authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD), etc. [14] In 2016, Banik and Isobe proposed an attack that can distinguish Spritz from random noise. [64]
The Bitly URL shortening service became popular on Twitter after it became the default URL shortening service on the website on May 6, 2009. [5] It was subsequently replaced by Twitter's own t.co service. [6] The company behind Bitly launched a similar service, but for online videos, to determine what videos are the most popular on the web. [7]