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Photosynthesis (/ ˌfoʊtəˈsɪnθəsɪs / FOH-tə-SINTH-ə-sis) [ 1 ] is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism.
The photosynthetic efficiency is the fraction of light energy converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis in green plants and algae. Photosynthesis can be described by the simplified chemical reaction. 6 H 2 O + 6 CO 2 + energy → C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2. where C 6 H 12 O 6 is glucose (which is subsequently transformed into other sugars ...
Evolution of photosynthesis. The evolution of photosynthesis refers to the origin and subsequent evolution of photosynthesis, the process by which light energy is used to assemble sugars from carbon dioxide and a hydrogen and electron source such as water. It is believed that the pigments used for photosynthesis initially were used for ...
Plants are the primary producers in most terrestrial ecosystems and form the basis of the food web in those ecosystems. [82] Plants form about 80% of the world biomass at about 450 gigatonnes (4.4 × 10 11 long tons; 5.0 × 10 11 short tons) of carbon. [83]
Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants. [1]A germination rate experiment. Plant physiologists study fundamental processes of plants, such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, tropisms, nastic movements, photoperiodism, photomorphogenesis, circadian rhythms, environmental stress physiology, seed ...
Auxin is concentrated on one side, encouraging growth at an angle from the preceding stem. Phototropism in Solanum lycopersicum. In biology, phototropism is the growth of an organism in response to a light stimulus. Phototropism is most often observed in plants, but can also occur in other organisms such as fungi.
Photoperiodism is the physiological reaction of organisms to the length of light or a dark period. It occurs in plants and animals. Plant photoperiodism can also be defined as the developmental responses of plants to the relative lengths of light and dark periods. They are classified under three groups according to the photoperiods: short-day ...
Vegetation is an assemblage of plant species and the ground cover they provide. [2] It is a general term, without specific reference to particular taxa, life forms, structure, spatial extent, or any other specific botanical or geographic characteristics. It is broader than the term flora which refers to species composition.