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John B. Watson. John Broadus Watson (January 9, 1878 – September 25, 1958) was an American psychologist who popularized the scientific theory of behaviorism, establishing it as a psychological school. [2] Watson advanced this change in the psychological discipline through his 1913 address at Columbia University, titled Psychology as the ...
The theory is constructed to advance from basic animal learning principles to deal with all types of human behavior, including personality, culture, and human evolution. Behaviorism was first developed by John B. Watson (1912), who coined the term "behaviorism", and then B. F. Skinner who developed what is known as "radical behaviorism". Watson ...
Although John B. Watson mainly emphasized his position of methodological behaviorism throughout his career, Watson and Rosalie Rayner conducted the infamous Little Albert experiment (1920), a study in which Ivan Pavlov's theory to respondent conditioning was first applied to eliciting a fearful reflex of crying in a human infant, and this ...
Little Albert experiment. The Little Albert experiment was an unethical study that mid-20th century psychologists interpret as evidence of classical conditioning in humans. The study is also claimed to be an example of stimulus generalization although reading the research report demonstrates that fear did not generalize by color or tactile ...
Nature versus nurture is a long-standing debate in biology and society about the relative influence on human beings of their genetic inheritance (nature) and the environmental conditions of their development (nurture). The alliterative expression "nature and nurture" in English has been in use since at least the Elizabethan period [1] and goes ...
Kerplunk experiment. The Kerplunk experiment was a stimulus and response experiment conducted on rats [1] and demonstrates the ability to turn voluntary motor responses into a conditioned response. [2] The purpose of the experiment was to get kinaesthetic feedback rather than guidance through external stimuli [3] through maze learning. [2]
Institutions. University of Minnesota. Indiana University. Harvard University. Signature. Burrhus Frederic Skinner (March 20, 1904 – August 18, 1990) was an American psychologist, behaviorist, inventor, and social philosopher. [2][3][4][5] He was the Edgar Pierce Professor of Psychology at Harvard University from 1958 until his retirement in ...
Conditioned emotional response. The term conditioned emotional response (CER) can refer to a specific learned behavior or a procedure commonly used in classical or Pavlovian conditioning research. It may also be called "conditioned suppression" or "conditioned fear response (CFR)." [1] It is an "emotional response" that results from classical ...