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Clientelism or client politics is the exchange of goods and services for political support, often involving an implicit or explicit quid-pro-quo. [1][2][3] It is closely related to patronage politics and vote buying. [4] Clientelism involves an asymmetric relationship between groups of political actors described as patrons, brokers, and clients.
v. t. e. Customer relationship management (CRM) is a process in which a business or other organization administers its interactions with customers, typically using data analysis to study large amounts of information. [1] CRM systems compile data from a range of different communication channels, including a company's website, telephone (which ...
Consumer behaviour is the study of individuals, groups, or organisations and all the activities associated with the purchase, use and disposal of goods and services. Consumer behaviour consists of how the consumer 's emotions, attitudes, and preferences affect buying behaviour. Consumer behaviour emerged in the 1940–1950s as a distinct sub ...
Consumer economics is a branch of economics. [1] It is a broad field, principally concerned with microeconomic analysis behavior in units of consumers, families, or individuals (in contrast to traditional economics, which primarily studies government or business units). It sometimes also encompasses family financial planning and policy analysis ...
The theory of consumer choice is the branch of microeconomics that relates preferences to consumption expenditures and to consumer demand curves.It analyzes how consumers maximize the desirability of their consumption (as measured by their preferences subject to limitations on their expenditures), by maximizing utility subject to a consumer budget constraint. [1]
v. t. e. Economics (/ ˌɛkəˈnɒmɪks, ˌiːkə -/) [ 1 ][ 2 ] is a social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. [ 3 ][ 4 ] Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work.
t. e. In marketing, customer lifetime value (CLV or often CLTV), lifetime customer value (LCV), or life-time value (LTV) is a prognostication of the net profit contributed to the whole future relationship with a customer. The prediction model can have varying levels of sophistication and accuracy, ranging from a crude heuristic to the use of ...
an entrepreneur or trader (sometimes a commercial Intermediary) - a dealer who purchases goods for re-sale. [8][1] an end user or ultimate customer who does not re-sell the things bought but is the actual consumer or an agent such as a Purchasing officer for the consumer. [8][1] A customer may or may not also be a consumer, but the two notions ...