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Muslim scholars made advances to the map-making traditions of earlier cultures, [1] explorers and merchants learned in their travels across the Old World (Afro-Eurasia). [1] Islamic geography had three major fields: exploration and navigation, physical geography , and cartography and mathematical geography . [ 1 ]
South Asia has the largest population of Muslims in the world, with about one-third of all Muslims being from South Asia. [21] [22] [23] Islam is the dominant religion in the Maldives, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. India is the country with the largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries with more than 200 million ...
The medieval Indian texts called the Puranas describe the Earth as a flat-bottomed, circular disk with concentric oceans and continents. [ 72 ] [ 75 ] This general scheme is present not only in the Hindu cosmologies, but also in Buddhist and Jain cosmologies of South Asia. [ 72 ]
The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah. This consists of all those who adhere to the religious beliefs, politics, and laws of Islam [ 1] or to societies in which Islam is practiced. [ 2][ 3] In a modern geopolitical sense, these terms refer to countries in which Islam ...
The Arab world straddles two continents, Africa and Asia. It is mainly oriented along an east–west axis. [citation needed] The West Asian Arab region comprises the Arabian Peninsula, most of the Levant (excluding Cyprus and Israel), most of Mesopotamia (excluding parts of Turkey and Iran) and the Persian Gulf region.
Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe. A Christian and a Muslim playing chess, illustration from the Book of Games of Alfonso X (c. 1285). [ 1] During the High Middle Ages, the Islamic world was at its cultural peak, supplying information and ideas to Europe, via Al-Andalus, Sicily and the Crusader kingdoms in the Levant.
After that Muslim dynasties rose; some of these dynasties established notable and prominent Muslim empires, such as the Umayyad Empire and later the Abbasid Empire, [1] [2] Ottoman Empire centered around Anatolia, the Safavid Empire of Persia, and the Mughal Empire in India. [citation needed]