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Bioconcentration. In aquatic toxicology, bioconcentration is the accumulation of a water-borne chemical substance in an organism exposed to the water. [ 1][ 2] There are several ways in which to measure and assess bioaccumulation and bioconcentration. These include: octanol-water partition coefficients (K OW ), bioconcentration factors (BCF ...
The equations for the use of the data retrieved from these tables are very simple. Q= heat gain, usually heat gain per unit time. A= surface area. U= Overall heat transfer coefficient. CLTD= cooling load temperature difference. SCL= solar cooling load factor. CLF= cooling load factor. SC= shading coefficient.
An enthalpy–entropy chart, also known as the H–S chart or Mollier diagram, plots the total heat against entropy, [ 1] describing the enthalpy of a thermodynamic system. [ 2] A typical chart covers a pressure range of 0.01–1000 bar, and temperatures up to 800 degrees Celsius. [ 3] It shows enthalpy in terms of internal energy , pressure ...
The Larson–Miller model is used for experimental tests so that results at certain temperatures and stresses can predict rupture lives of time spans that would be impractical to reproduce in the laboratory. Expanding the equation as a Taylor series makes the relationship easier to understand. Only the first terms are kept.
A DePriester Chart. DePriester Charts provide an efficient method to find the vapor-liquid equilibrium ratios for different substances at different conditions of pressure and temperature. The original chart was put forth by C.L. DePriester in an article in Chemical Engineering Progress in 1953. These nomograms have two vertical coordinates, one ...
In thermodynamics, the Volume Correction Factor (VCF), also known as Correction for the effect of Temperature on Liquid (CTL), is a standardized computed factor used to correct for the thermal expansion of fluids, primarily, liquid hydrocarbons at various temperatures and densities. [1] It is typically a number between 0 and 2, rounded to five ...
High-temperature operating life. High-temperature operating life (HTOL) is a reliability test applied to integrated circuits (ICs) to determine their intrinsic reliability. This test stresses the IC at an elevated temperature, high voltage and dynamic operation for a predefined period of time. The IC is usually monitored under stress and tested ...