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Basic forms of government. Representative democracy (also called electoral democracy or indirect democracy) is a type of democracy where representatives are elected by the public. [ 1] Nearly all modern Western-style democracies function as some type of representative democracy: for example, the United Kingdom (a unitary parliamentary ...
Politics portal. v. t. e. A parliamentary democracy is a form of government where the head of government (chief executive) derives their democratic legitimacy from their ability to command the support ("confidence") of a majority of the legislature, to which they are held accountable. This head of government is usually, but not always, distinct ...
Fourth branch of government. In politics of the United States, "fourth branch of government" is an unofficial term referring to groups or institutions perceived variously as influencing or acting in the stead of the three branches of the US federal government defined in the Constitution of the United States ( legislative, executive and judicial ...
According to the UN, an NGO is a private, not-for-profit organization which is independent of government control and is not merely an opposition political party. [ 65] The rapid development of the non-governmental sector occurred in Western countries as a result of the restructuring of the welfare state.
The International Labour Organization ( ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting international labour standards. [ 1] Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations, it is one of the first and oldest specialized agencies of the UN. The ILO has 187 member states: 186 out of 193 UN ...
Social and collective choice. Politics portal Economics portal. v. t. e. Proportional representation ( PR) refers to any type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. [ 1] The concept applies mainly to political divisions ( political parties) among voters.
Ansell and Gash (2008) define collaborative governance as follows: [ 7] 'A governing arrangement where one or more public agencies directly engage non-state stakeholders in a collective decision-making process that is formal, consensus-oriented, and deliberative and that aims to make or implement public policy or manage public programs or assets'.
In committees and boards, a quorum is a majority of the members of the board or committee unless provided otherwise. The board or committee cannot set its own quorum unless given such power. [ 5] In a committee of the whole or its variants, a quorum is the same as the assembly unless otherwise provided.