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Melasma. Melasma (also known as chloasma faciei, [ 1]: 854 or the mask of pregnancy[ 2] when present in pregnant women) is a tan or dark skin discoloration. Melasma is thought to be caused by sun exposure, genetic predisposition, hormone changes, and skin irritation. [ 3]
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation ( PIH) is a skin condition characterized by the darkening of the skin ( hyperpigmentation) following an inflammatory injury, such as acne, dermatitis, infectious disease, or trauma. Less frequently, it may occur as a complication of a medical procedure performed on the skin.
Hyperpigmentation can be diffuse or focal, affecting such areas as the face and the back of the hands. Melanin is produced by melanocytes at the lower layer of the epidermis. Melanin is a class of pigment responsible for producing color in the body in places such as the eyes, skin, and hair. The process of melanin synthesis (melanogenesis ...
Medical genetics. Named after. Donovan James McCune. Fuller Albright. McCune–Albright syndrome is a complex genetic disorder affecting the bone, skin and endocrine systems. It is a mosaic disease arising from somatic activating mutations in GNAS, which encodes the alpha-subunit of the G s heterotrimeric G protein. [ 1]
Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a type of severe skin reaction. [1] Together with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens–Johnson/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) overlap, they are considered febrile mucocutaneous drug reactions and probably part of the same spectrum of disease, with SJS being less severe.
The two main types of human skin are: glabrous skin, the hairless skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. [3] Within the latter type, the hairs occur in structures called pilosebaceous units , each with hair follicle , sebaceous gland , and associated arrector pili muscle. [ 4 ]
Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines ( NSML) which is part of a group called Ras / MAPK pathway syndromes, [2] is a rare autosomal dominant, [3] multisystem disease caused by a mutation in the protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11 gene ( PTPN11 ). The disease is a complex of features, mostly involving the skin, skeletal and ...
Xeroderma pigmentosum ( XP) is a genetic disorder in which there is a decreased ability to repair DNA damage such as that caused by ultraviolet (UV) light. [ 1] Symptoms may include a severe sunburn after only a few minutes in the sun, freckling in sun-exposed areas, dry skin and changes in skin pigmentation. [ 1]